Search the forum,

circulation

Print circulation is the average number of copies of a publication. Number of copies of a nonperiodical publication such as a book called usually print run. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some issues are distributed without cost to the reader. Readership figures are usually higher than circulation figures because of the assumption that a typical copy is read by more than one person.
Print circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. In many countries, circulations are audited by independent bodies such as the Audit Bureau of Circulations to assure advertisers that a given newspaper does reach the number of people claimed by the publisher. There are international open access directories such as Mondo Times, but these generally rely on numbers reported by newspapers themselves.
In many developed countries, print circulation is falling due to social and technological changes such as the availability of news on the internet. On the other hand, in some developing countries circulation is increasing as these factors are more than cancelled out by rising incomes, population, and literacy.

View More On Wikipedia.org
Recent contents Top users
  1. A

    Veissmann boiler circulation pump.

    Hi all. Hope everyone is well, and seasons greetings of course. Just have a quick question regarding the Veissmann 111 boiler, that's the one with the hot water store. Anyway I've noticed that when the heating is on when the boiler cuts out at the set temperature the circulation pump seems to...
  2. F

    System pressure circulation issues

    If you have a weak circulation pump inside a combination boiler, will this cause the pressure of the system to rise? Eventually making the system over pressurise . The radiators get hot but it is only a small circuit with very small radiators so even with the boiler thermostat turned right down...
  3. G

    Circulation pump conundrum

    i have a regular Worcester boiler heating water in a thermal store via a short closed loop with a copper coil in the thermal store. The water in the thermal store is pumped round the central heating and the store also provides domestic hot water via a heat exchanger. The water is also heated vía...
  4. J

    Central Heating Circulation Problem - Single Pipe System

    Hello, I’ve moved into a property with a conventional 6-year-old Vaillant boiler with water tanks and a single pipe system. Initially the downstairs radiators wouldn’t heat up. After having new lock shields and TRVs fitted, system power flushed and new pump installed, all radiators heat up but...
  5. R

    Wire two physical circulation pumps into same circuit

    Hi, Sorry if the title is missleading. I have two heating circulation pumps, one for the downstairs and one for upstairs. Each has its own room thermostat and they are supposed to work independently but the don't as we only have a single zone controller! Anyway... we are moving over to a dual...
  6. P

    Possible circulation problem with a combi in a flat

    Hi All, I'm struggling with a Heatline Condense combi which is turning itself off within about 20 seconds every time the heating is turned on. The flow pipe is scalding hot, the return stays cold. I've tried fully opening the valves on all 10 rads, as far as I can tell the pump and diverter...
  7. B

    Circulation problem!

    Can any one tell me what the fault would be with the pipe work? The boiler is a Worcester combi, hot water works fine but heating is not working correctly. Only one radiator gets properly hot ( 4 rads in total ) and the others gets slightly warm over a period of time. The flow pipe is red hot...
  8. S

    seeking recomendations for circulation pumps

    seeking recommendations for circulation pumps for a grease unit im constructing attached is a PDF of a similar pump to the one I require, main aspects are perfect, old manufacturer made current pump used discontinued, seeking new supplier, open to overseas suppliers anyone wishing to discuss...
  9. J

    Reverse circulation new build

    Hi, I'm looking for a little help. I bought a new build and have heating issues since we moved in. The builder wants the installer to resolve the issues, but hes been back now about 5 times and still the issue persists. I was hoping for a little advice. We have 2 circuits 1 upstairs and 1...
  10. T

    Circulation pump head and base opp direction

    hi, Just about to fit my welo replacement pump and realised the head and base have conflicting arrows? What one is correct? It’s not a new erp, it’s and old style If makes any difference. Appreciate any help, thanks!
  11. S

    No circulation through radiator

    Hi in my central heating system the radiator pipes from/to the boiler are split into 2 and 1 line circulates through radiator A and another circulates through Rad B. At the moment, if I open both radiators, A gets warm but radiator B is not that warm and I presume that its because the water...
  12. G

    whats the best additive for circulation problems

    Ive got a heating system boiler where even with the pump running continuously it occassionally takes opening the hot water circuit to get the heating hot. This somehow overcomes resistance to flow. Theres some air(gas) I can hear circulating that wont vent anywhere. What would be the best...
  13. G

    Best additive to help circulation

    I looked at an old Worcester system boiler that keeps over heating the flow pipe and shutting down. The pump is running and pipework around the pump luke warm. If I put cylinder on the pump moves the heat through both circuits and the rad gets hot. Im guessing the one 2m rad on 10mm pipe is...
  14. 8

    Circulation Issues, pls help

    People, please can I have your help on a circulation issue (these are the issues I struggle with more than anything)? Here goes: - system is open vented y plan - new pump has been installed - new three port valve with actuator has been installed - system has been powerflushed properly - but...
  15. T

    Circulation pump on 24/7

    Hi All A newbie here i have a fuel oil boiler De Dietrich Neovo EFU29. Controling both heating and water. I have noticed that the circ pump is not connected to the boiler for control but wired directly to a mains feed. Is this normal? I would prefer for it to switch on only when needed. Is...
  16. J

    Issue with central heating circulation

    Hi, I have an issue with radiators not getting hot. The boiler runs fine, the pumps only a couple years old and runs ok but there appears to be no proper circulation. The flow pipes get hot but the return stays cold so I know it's an issue with circulation system, I've used a system cleaner...
  17. J

    Reverse Circulation Central Heating

    Hi folks, I am having a problem with reverse circulation. I have attached a photo. The insulated pipe making the tee is the H/W return. Pipe feeding in on the left is the Rad return and the pipe to the right continues to the boiler. Because the pipe to the right has a tight bend i wondered if...
  18. N

    back boiler heating circulation issues

    I hope someone can help as its driving me round the bend. Its and open vented system with a baxi 552 back boiler. the water work perfectly but the heating flow pipes to the radiators get hot but there is no circulation . The flow pipe is hot to all the radiators but the return pipe is cold...
  19. B

    Vaillant 282 Combi circulation pump part no??

    Hi all, I'm looking for a part no for the circulation pump in a Vaillant 282. I tried the part no from the manual 16-1068 and gc no 255 300 in my local heat merchants but nothing was showing. I tried phoning the technical helpline but hung up after 20 mins on hold. If anyone had the part no...
  20. D

    Upstairs fine, downstairs mainly cold

    I have a Vaillant 30Kw System Boiler. It's a fully pumped and pressurized system. There is a hot water storage tank in an airing cupboard upstairs, with a single zone valve that allows hot water into the entire CH system, or stops it. All the upstairs radiators get hot, but only a very few of...
    • DGClarke1
    • Thread
    • circulation cold downstairs mainly radiators return system upstairs valves
    • Replies: 4
    • Forum: Plumbing Jobs | The Job-board
Creating content since 2001. Untold Media.

Newest Plumbing Threads

Back
Top
AdBlock Detected

We get it, advertisements are annoying!

Sure, ad-blocking software does a great job at blocking ads, but it also blocks useful features of our website. For the best site experience please disable your AdBlocker.

I've Disabled AdBlock