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Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is the use of various technologies to control the temperature, humidity, and purity of the air in an enclosed space. Its goal is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality. HVAC system design is a subdiscipline of mechanical engineering, based on the principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer. "Refrigeration" is sometimes added to the field's abbreviation as HVAC&R or HVACR, or "ventilation" is dropped, as in HACR (as in the designation of HACR-rated circuit breakers).
HVAC is an important part of residential structures such as single family homes, apartment buildings, hotels, and senior living facilities; medium to large industrial and office buildings such as skyscrapers and hospitals; vehicles such as cars, trains, airplanes, ships and submarines; and in marine environments, where safe and healthy building conditions are regulated with respect to temperature and humidity, using fresh air from outdoors.
Ventilating or ventilation (the "V" in HVAC) is the process of exchanging or replacing air in any space to provide high indoor air quality which involves temperature control, oxygen replenishment, and removal of moisture, odors, smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria, carbon dioxide, and other gases. Ventilation removes unpleasant smells and excessive moisture, introduces outside air, keeps interior building air circulating, and prevents stagnation of the interior air. Methods for ventilating a building are divided into mechanical/forced and natural types.

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  1. M

    Unvented under sink heater

    Anyone seen a valve for a small undersink unvented cylinder that incorporats the pressure relief and expansion that goes out though the hot tap. I will try take a picture tomorrow. Thanks 1579473384
    • Matt0029
    • Thread
    • america heater sink under unvented usa
    • Replies: 2
    • Forum: USA
  2. D

    Gas fitting Garage Heater

    Hi. I bought a house that has a pool heater and the gas line for it is shown here. I also want to put a natural gas garage heater in. My question is: is that piece of pipe coming up where it is capped off where the installer will tie into and go up the side of my garage? That back corner...
    • DDC
    • Thread
    • america fitting garage gas heater usa
    • Replies: 3
    • Forum: USA
  3. R

    Will low water flow affect the function of an electric tankless water heater?

    I have a cabin about 300' from my well and about 30' elevated from the well. The water heater doesn't work properly. The flow is low through the tankless electric water heater. Is it necessary to increase the flow? If so, how am I able to do that?
    • rah31805
    • Thread
    • electric flow function heater tankless water water heater
    • Replies: 1
    • Forum: USA
  4. M

    7 litre invented under sink heater

    I was at a job today and notice a 7litre under sink heater was fitted. Because of the size under 10litres do these not need a pressure relief valve and expansion vessl? It didn't have any of the kind. Thanks.
    • Matt0029
    • Thread
    • america heater litre sink under usa
    • Replies: 18
    • Forum: USA
  5. B

    Water heater Programmer question

    We recently moved into a new house & the hot water timing is programmed by a Honeywell ST9100A. I have set the on/off timer OK but am struggling to set it so that it switches on an hour later during weekends ie Saturday & Sunday mornings. I am wondering if I could ask for some simple advice re...
    • Borischelski
    • Thread
    • heater programmer question water water heater
    • Replies: 5
    • Forum: USA
  6. M

    Where can I buy a box spanner for a 1.5inch BSP immersion heater? (2" across flats)

    I need such a spanner to remove a failed IH, and to install a replacement; in a domestic hot water cylinder made by Opus (Cyprus). I am aware that in general the distance across the flats may vary somewhat from brand to brand, despite all having 1.5" BSP threads. In my case, both old and new IH...
    • MikeH
    • Thread
    • across bsp buy flats heater immersion immersion heater spanner where
    • Replies: 5
    • Forum: Plumbing Tools
  7. S

    White hairy material around towel heater pipe joint: asbestos?

    I’m wondering weather this stringy stuff (see photos) around my towel heater’s pipe joints could be some kind of fiber/string with asbestos in it? They don’t really look like hemp to me, and I’m a bit worried about it! Thanks
    • SamCurtis95
    • Thread
    • around asbestos heater joint material pipe towel urgent white
    • Replies: 12
    • Forum: Canada
  8. S

    Hibernation of a hot water system with solar water heater

    Hello, I would like to have the opinion of professionals. My family owns a house in a village in Greece, where temperatures do not fall below 5-10 degrees Celsius in winter. The house is located in a location where the water supply is not constant and with low pressure (which justifies the...
    • samy G
    • Thread
    • heater hot hot water hot water system solar system water water heater
    • Replies: 5
    • Forum: Australia
  9. J

    USA Tankless oil boiler/water heater - not enough

    We are a family of 5, we are not getting enough hot water from our relatively new tankless heater (it fluctuates in heat all the Time and won’t fill up a bath consistently with hot water - can’t support 5 people) . We want to add a water tank to increase amount of hot water available but have...
  10. C

    Managed to boil my hot water tank with immersion heater...

    Woke up at 6AM to the sound of my hot water tank boiling and a cold sweat as I realised I'd left the immersion on since 6PM the night before. Immediately turned it off and opened the taps in the bath to drain the tank, temporarily turning my bathroom into a steam shower - still not sure if this...
  11. T

    cylinder with blanked heater socket

    I have a copper twin-coil heating cylinder with a blank brass fitting on its top where the immersion heater normally is. It has an internal thread of approx. 61mm, but below the thread is a solid brass plate. My question: is the brass plate designed to be cut out with hacksaw etc, so an...
  12. L

    worcester bosch W11 water heater

    Hi am looking for some help with a water heater that has been driving me crazy. I fitted the Worcester Bosch W11 in a caravan around about a year ago, after fitting this boiler I was having problems with the boiler shutting down occasionally when hot water was flowing so i changed the flow...
  13. L

    Immersion heater is working but no hot water coming through taps

    Please can someone help. Plumber came to property and said that the immersion heater is working. We do not have any hot water coming through the taps. He said that he is unable to locate a thermostatic mixing valve in the property which needs to be repaired. Where is this located?
    • Lai
    • Thread
    • coming heater hot hot water immersion immersion heater no hot water tap taps through water working
    • Replies: 21
    • Forum: Plumbing Jobs | The Job-board
  14. Scott_D

    What is this? Warm air heater?

  15. cdel2005

    10l water heater pipework check valve

    Hi guys Should the check valve be after pressure reducing valve and before expansion vessel Picture shows existing pipework with check valve before pressure reducing
  16. D

    IMMERSION HEATER TRIPPING RCD AFTER FITTING NEW CHANGEOVER SWITCH

    Hi, I have a 6 months old hot water cylinder (vented) to which there are top and bottom immersion rods fitted. Only the bottom was connected so I have just put in a "sink/bath" change over switch. The bottom one works fine but the top one trips the RCD when the thermostat is in the on...
  17. C

    Tempest Unvented Cylinder - Immersion Heater?

    Evening all, We have had a Tempest 250l unvented cylinder for just under a year which runs in connection with a boiler. It is scheduled to come one once a day (6am) for 1hr and it provides the house with hot water for the rest of the day. I have read on some forums it may be cheaper to run via...
  18. R

    Valliant Glow Worm Heater Exchange - Pro Therm 80e

    Hi Everyone, Does anyone know if the heater exchange (0020025264) from a Valliant Glow Worm will fit into a Pro Therm 80e? Thanks Rob
  19. J

    Main multipoint FF water heater

    Hello All Problem with the above named water heater. Red light comes on every 4-5 secs. No hot water operation. When you reset the heater the green light comes on briefly and then the red light starts doing it’s thing????? Any ideas ?
  20. B

    Water heater leak, is piping wrong?

    Hello, I'm a renter of an apartment with a Viessmann Vitodens 222-w heater. I came back from a 1 week trip and my heater leaked into the ceiling of the apartment below me! I don't know what happened, but after some research, I suspect the heater wasn't installed correctly. Here is a...
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