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Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is the use of various technologies to control the temperature, humidity, and purity of the air in an enclosed space. Its goal is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality. HVAC system design is a subdiscipline of mechanical engineering, based on the principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer. "Refrigeration" is sometimes added to the field's abbreviation as HVAC&R or HVACR, or "ventilation" is dropped, as in HACR (as in the designation of HACR-rated circuit breakers).
HVAC is an important part of residential structures such as single family homes, apartment buildings, hotels, and senior living facilities; medium to large industrial and office buildings such as skyscrapers and hospitals; vehicles such as cars, trains, airplanes, ships and submarines; and in marine environments, where safe and healthy building conditions are regulated with respect to temperature and humidity, using fresh air from outdoors.
Ventilating or ventilation (the "V" in HVAC) is the process of exchanging or replacing air in any space to provide high indoor air quality which involves temperature control, oxygen replenishment, and removal of moisture, odors, smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria, carbon dioxide, and other gases. Ventilation removes unpleasant smells and excessive moisture, introduces outside air, keeps interior building air circulating, and prevents stagnation of the interior air. Methods for ventilating a building are divided into mechanical/forced and natural types.

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  1. C

    Elson Coral E - No hot water from overnight immersion heater

    Hi, I recently bought a 2 bed flat fitted with a Elson Coral E thermal store unit, and unfortunately it's not generating any hot water from the over night immersion heater. The water isn't as cold as the cold water tap, but it's also not anywhere near lukewarm let alone hot. Also worth noting...
    • charlie_p
    • Thread
    • elson heater hot hot water immersion immersion heater no hot water water
    • Replies: 5
    • Forum: Plumbing Jobs | The Job-board
  2. J

    What type of immersion heater is this?

    I'm having to use the rather old immersion heater for hot water as my DHW from the boiler has a leak. Can anyone tell me what type of immersion heater this is? see photo. I assume it's non-thermostatic but that it does have some kind of safety cut-out? Does that mean it will heat the water...
  3. L

    Hi all need some help my coral e immersion heater

    Light on in cupboard but no noise also tried to reset it but no luck both stats renewed at Christmas
    • Larryloo
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    • boost heater help immersion immersion heater problem replaced voltage water
    • Replies: 7
    • Forum: Plumbing Jobs | The Job-board
  4. E

    amateur....any help appreciated-combi and rennai water heater

    Hi there I wondered if you could help? I'm currently piping up the central heating for my Mum and she's already got the combi boiler a while ago which is an ideal vogue 40kw (so she is out of time to return). We're on a very limited budget as its a big renovation which is why we're doing the...
  5. M

    Immersion Heater Element size

    Hi, I need to replace a clapped out immersion heater element in my hot water tank but I'm unsure as to the correct replacement size. The current element has a length of 16 inchs overall with the actual heater element being 13inches. any ideas as to the replacement size I should get? Thanks in...
  6. T

    cold water tank in attic overflowing but ballvalve OK

    A few weeks ago we had a new kitchen sink fitted. Immediately afterwards the cold water tank in attic started overflowing. Fitted new ballvalve but did not help. We have had 2 plumbers look at the problem and they do not know what the problem is. We do not have central heating so the cold...
  7. H

    New Mobile 13.5kW LPG Patio Heater - Commercial Premises - Commissioning

    Hi there, I hope someone can settle this for me as I'm having something of a dispute with a client between what is a legal requirement, what constitutes best practice, and the difference between statutory / mandatory and contractual. The are looking to buy a number of Glow Warm 13.5kW units, and...
  8. D

    Which undersink water heater?

    I'm looking for an electric under sink water heater to supply two small basins in a small flat - (1 kitchen basin, 1 bathroom basin). Power requirements are not an issue but space is. Given the above, I've been looking at either of the below types - any experiences or recommendations...
  9. R

    Is there any way of safely turning off my water heater completely?

    Hi everyone In light of thevibration problems in my flat, which I think are due to a neighbour'swater heater, I am wondering if there is any way I can completelyturn my water heater off so that I can rule it out altogether as thecause. The reason I say thatis because there is apparently a...
  10. M

    Basic question regarding CH pipe run

    Hi all, Should the feed or return be nearest to the bottom of the rads? I'm fitting to a boat and they will fit neatly one above the other, but not side by side. I appreciate the hot water rises so guess feed pipe nearest rads? Cheers David (not a plumber )
  11. M

    Boat stove boiler in conjunction with webasto diesel heater

    Hi, I have just got a boat and will start fitting 4.2kw diesel heater tomorrow in engine bay. It will run calorifier for hot water and 4 rads. I will at a later date install a multi fuel stove with back boiler. Apprx 4.5 kW but just 1.5kw to the boiler so leaving apprx 3 to stove. I'll be...
  12. B

    Advantages of commercial water heater

    Dear all, One restaurant is going to install Andrew commercial water heater for hot water supply. I think if they install an un vented cylinder which is much more economical but same hot water supply. Anyone has installed commercial water heater before? What are the advantages? Thanks.
  13. V

    Thermostatic mixing valve on an electric instantaneous water heater

    Any one have any experience on installing a thermostatic mixing valve on an electric instantaneous water heater for a basin ? My concern is that electric instantaneous water heaters generally heat water above a comfortable temperature and then can not deal with the demand and go cold until you...
    • VWUK
    • Thread
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    • Replies: 1
    • Forum: Plumbing Jobs | The Job-board
  14. P

    3/4 Brass coupling with nylon thread, why?

    Hi all, I recently got with a pressurised water heater connections consisting of 3/4 brass nipples and brass couplings, the coupling has rubber seals and nylon internal thread, why would this be the case and can I not just directly couple to the water heater without the coupling supplied using...
  15. S

    Risk of Legionella in Immersion Heater

    Hi all, Me and my partner have recently moved into a flat that solely uses an immersion heater (think it's a dual one) on economy 7 for water heating. Since we have an electric shower and a cold-fill washing machine, we turned off the immersion heater as we don't use hot water taps. My...
  16. R

    Vibration in floor...boiler/water heater?

    Can anyone offer any experienced or expert advice? I'm being woken most nights especially around 1am and again around 4 - 6am to my floor and bed vibrating. A neighbour has said his water heater/boiler had new valve fitted. He said it's noisy but didn't think it would cause vibration in my...
  17. O

    Electric radiators or electric heater for hydronic radiators

    Hi, I am looking for some advice please. i have a holiday lodge that has an electric water heater to heat water that is then pumped around the central heating system that consists of 7 radiators. I need to get it totally replumbed as I have removed all the pipe work due to it all being surface...
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