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section
Caesarean section, also known as C-section, or caesarean delivery, is the surgical procedure by which one or more babies are delivered through an incision in the mother's abdomen, often performed because vaginal delivery would put the baby or mother at risk. Reasons for the operation include obstructed labor, twin pregnancy, high blood pressure in the mother, breech birth, and problems with the placenta or umbilical cord. A caesarean delivery may be performed based upon the shape of the mother's pelvis or history of a previous C-section. A trial of vaginal birth after C-section may be possible. The World Health Organization recommends that caesarean section be performed only when medically necessary. Some C-sections are performed without a medical reason, upon request by someone, usually the mother.A C-section typically takes 45 minutes to an hour. It may be done with a spinal block, where the woman is awake, or under general anesthesia. A urinary catheter is used to drain the bladder, and the skin of the abdomen is then cleaned with an antiseptic. An incision of about 15 cm (6 inches) is then typically made through the mother's lower abdomen. The uterus is then opened with a second incision and the baby delivered. The incisions are then stitched closed. A woman can typically begin breastfeeding as soon as she is out of the operating room and awake. Often, several days are required in the hospital to recover sufficiently to return home.C-sections result in a small overall increase in poor outcomes in low-risk pregnancies. They also typically take longer to heal from, about six weeks, than vaginal birth. The increased risks include breathing problems in the baby and amniotic fluid embolism and postpartum bleeding in the mother. Established guidelines recommend that caesarean sections not be used before 39 weeks of pregnancy without a medical reason. The method of delivery does not appear to have an effect on subsequent sexual function.In 2012, about 23 million C-sections were done globally. The international healthcare community has previously considered the rate of 10% and 15% to be ideal for caesarean sections. Some evidence finds a higher rate of 19% may result in better outcomes. More than 45 countries globally have C-section rates less than 7.5%, while more than 50 have rates greater than 27%. Efforts are being made to both improve access to and reduce the use of C-section. In the United States as of 2017, about 32% of deliveries are by C-section. The surgery has been performed at least as far back as 715 BC following the death of the mother, with the baby occasionally surviving. Descriptions of mothers surviving date back to 1500, with earlier attests to ancient times (including the apocryphal account of Julius Caesar being born by Caesarean section, a commonly stated origin of the term). With the introduction of antiseptics and anesthetics in the 19th century, survival of both the mother and baby, and thus the procedure, became significantly more common.
I'm a DIYer and have a problematic toilet setup to fix:
The waste pipe was installed too high for waste to flow out from a standard toilet spigot, so I want to install a wall-hung toilet on a frame to get some extra height.
To put it where I want it though, I'll need to rotate the bottom...
Good day,
Can someone please advise me if it is possible to replace old terracotta waste pipes for PVC in a section only?
My sewage line goes downhill away from the house to the sewer main. What I assume to be an inspection shaft is at the bottom of my property.
I want to replace only a...
Dunno if they're still a thing at all, could be old school only, but I remember seeing these gutter sections about 16" long, maybe 4"ID, 6"OD or something like that, maybe a bit bigger. Ceramic like bricks, but maybe glazed I guess.
Is there anything like that available these days, and if so...
I was on this forum a long time ago and I would like to explain my experience of plumbing. This may be a long post but I will be happy if it helps just one person.
I came to plumbing late in life and went on a course that you qualify in 10 weeks. I was hit with all the negativity that no one...
Problem with activator in just one area of the UFH system. I don't know how to take off the activator to check the pin. No problem with water flow. Not sure how to handle the flex coming out of the activator. I know the pins aren't working as the water gauges are not responding (that's what...
hi, so we had tried to fit an isolation valve into copper pipe that came close from the mains supply, but i'm not proud of it. we had to leave the mains water valve at half pressure or else the fittings would leak/pop off.
It was my first attempt at plumbing and i assumed i could easily move the...
Good evening,
Just to see how you guys have done something I keep thinking about in my head. A job I have looked at to fit a downstairs toilet. The soil stack is all internal (boxed in) and is cast all the way up, I need to cut into the bottom of the stack for the new toilet. The customer...
Hi. I am installing a downstairs toilet. My existing stack is cast iron. I don't really want to replace the whole stack so I'm hoping to to replace a small section at the bottom with a plastic t section.
My question is if I chop the section out and replace with the plastic t, would it still...
I've had a call of a customer that wants me to replace some radiators for them. They weren't particularly clear over the phone and I'm due to go out there tomorrow to see in person and clarify exactly what they want but it sounds like one of the radiator swaps will involve having to move some...
Been off the repairs for this week and been "lumbered" with servicing
Came across a meter that was boxed in, access via an inspection hatch...
And a fire surround made completely of timber!
Pictures are there for your amusement, Lord knows I've had my pound of flesh...
We are delighted to have added a dedicated Oil Engineer section to our website containing Regin and Anton products. This section has been created to making using our website even easier for Oil Engineers. You can view this section here - Oil Engineers - CorgiDirect
We will shortly be adding...
Hi all,
I just received back from ADEY a recertified/refurbished Magnaclean Twin-Tech which I do not have need of. I also have five service kits, a pair of brand new valves and both the plastic spanners/wrenches needed for servicing & a bottle of inhibitor.
Is there somewhere on the site I can...
Zzzjim posted a congratulations post for hammers yesterday , a well deserved congratulations
Am I missing a section where we see our post count ?
It would be good to keep it going before Shaun goes through 20 K
The short version of the question... what will be the effect of introducing a short section of 32mm pipe into a 40mm waste pipe run from a sink? The narrowed length of pipe will only be about 15% the total length of run but will also constitute an elb0w.
The slightly longer version of the...
Should be able to find these forum categories at the top of the forum homepage :) I'm hoping promoting all the forums on all the forum kinda gets more enquiries coming in. Check those out to see what you think.
Find Professional Tradesmen for Free (And of course tradesmen find the work for...
Hello
I need to have a complaints procedure to satisfy oftec
the inspector says theres one in the technical section on the oftec site? I can't find it anywhere maybe its called something other than "Complaints procedure"
Anyone know if there is one to print out and put my name on it (That...
Hi,
This is my first post so apologies if I've misunderstood the purpose of the forum, appreciate if anyone can give some advice.
I noticed that next to my water boiler there is an exposed section of pipe where water is running constantly (see attachment), even when all the taps are off and...
Is it possible to install compression valves onto existing non-pullable copper pipe WHILE designing-in a means of being able to replace the whole valves should they fail?
Hello, I have existing 22mm copper pipe that needs a small section cutout to install a compression isolation valve...
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