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primatic

A primate ( (listen) PRY-mayt) (from Latin primat-, from primus 'prime, first rank') is a eutherian mammal constituting the taxonomic order Primates (). Primates arose 85–55 million years ago first from small terrestrial mammals, which adapted to living in the trees of tropical forests: many primate characteristics represent adaptations to life in this challenging environment, including large brains, visual acuity, color vision, a shoulder girdle allowing a large degree of movement in the shoulder joint, and dextrous hands. Primates range in size from Madame Berthe's mouse lemur, which weighs 30 g (1 oz), to the eastern gorilla, weighing over 200 kg (440 lb). There are 376–522 species of living primates, depending on which classification is used. New primate species continue to be discovered: over 25 species were described in the 2000s, 36 in the 2010s, and three in the 2020s.
Primates are classified as the strepsirrhines (lit. 'twisted-nostriled') and the haplorhines (lit. 'simple-noses'). Strepsirrhines include the lemurs, galagos, and lorisids, while haplorhines include the tarsiers and the simians (apes and monkeys). Simians (lit. 'snub-noses') can be further reduced to the platyrrhines (lit. 'flat-noses'), or New World monkeys, and the catarrhines (lit. 'narrow-noses'), which are Old World monkeys and apes (including humans). Forty million years ago, simians from Africa migrated to South America presumably by drifting on debris, which gave rise to the five families of New World monkeys. The remaining simians diverged into apes (Hominoidea) and Old World monkeys (Cercopithecoidea) approximately twenty-five million years ago. Common species that are simians include the (Old World) baboons, macaques, gibbons, and great apes; and the (New World) capuchins, howlers and squirrel monkeys.
Primates have large brains (relative to body size) compared to other mammals, as well as an increased reliance on visual acuity at the expense of the sense of smell, which is the dominant sensory system in most mammals. These features are more developed in monkeys and apes, and noticeably less so in lorises and lemurs. Some primates are trichromats, with three independent channels for conveying color information. Except for apes including humans, primates such as prosimians and monkeys have tails. Most primates also have opposable thumbs. Many species are sexually dimorphic; differences may include muscle mass, fat distribution, pelvic width, canine tooth size, hair distribution, and coloration. Primates have slower rates of development than other similarly sized mammals, reach maturity later, and have longer lifespans. Depending on the species, adults may live in solitude, in mated pairs, or in groups of up to hundreds of members. Some primates, including gorillas, humans, and baboons, are primarily terrestrial rather than arboreal, but all species have adaptations for climbing trees (in humans this can be seen, for example, in sports like climbing and parkour). Arboreal locomotion techniques used include leaping from tree to tree and swinging between branches of trees (brachiation); terrestrial locomotion techniques include walking on two limbs (bipedalism) and modified walking on four limbs (knuckle-walking).
Primates are among the most social of animals, forming pairs or family groups, uni-male harems, and multi-male/multi-female groups. Non-human primates have at least four types of social systems, many defined by the amount of movement by adolescent females between groups. Most primate species remain at least partly arboreal: the exceptions are humans, some other great apes, and baboons, all of which left the trees for the ground and now inhabit every continent.
Close interactions between humans and non-human primates (NHPs) can create opportunities for the transmission of zoonotic diseases, especially virus diseases, including herpes, measles, ebola, rabies, and hepatitis. Thousands of non-human primates are used in research around the world because of their psychological and physiological similarity to humans. About 60% of primate species are threatened with extinction. Common threats include deforestation, forest fragmentation, monkey drives, and primate hunting for use in medicines, as pets, and for food. Large-scale tropical forest clearing for agriculture most threatens primates.

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  1. J

    Very weird set up - is it a primatic cylinder?

    I can't get a consensus on this from four plumbers that have visited. We've been using the system with no prpblems for 7 years - but the cylinder leaks and needs replacing. It's an old and peculiar set up I have onherited after buting my two storey house. I would greatly appreciate any...
  2. M

    Primatic Cylinder help needed

    Hello everyone Before I succumb to this problem I’m reaching out for some help. There’s very little info on the web and I can’t get hold of a manual. The system is ancient but we’re not ready to renovate to a greener option for another 12 months so hoping to keep it going. Moved in with the...
  3. P

    Primatic cylinder replacement

    Hi all, i have a primatic cylinder that needs replacing, are we allowed to install new primatic cylinders in this day and age or do i have to install a new vented indirect cylinder. Only asking as i found this quote on a website. If you have one of these tanks, you should seriously consider...
  4. C

    Any primatic cylinders suitable for a solid fuel fire?

    TLDR; Why are modern primatic cylinders unsuitable for use with an uncontrolled heat source? The scenario: I have a friend (really) that needs a new HW cylinder fitting. Currently there is a 40ish year old 36x18 primatic type cylinder in place (I assume that’s what it is as it is ‘self...
  5. J

    Primatic Cylinder Draining

    I have a nasty oil fired rayburn connected to an old primatic cylinder. I would like to drain the system and remove the rayburn. The radiator circuit has already been removed and blanked off from the heating circuit. Is there any reason why I should not drain the cylinder/heating circuit at the...
  6. T

    Primatic Gravity Hot Water Controls upgrade or new Indirect Cylinder

    My parents have a Baxi Back Boiler with a pumped central heating system and gravity hot water system with a Primatic cylinder. My Mum's asthma is getting more severe due to the house being unheated at night. I am looking for a way for them to be able to have their central heating on low at night...
  7. T

    Primatic cylinder or not

    Hi I have a system boiler downstairs, cylinder tank upstairs in the bathroom with two feeds on side, one feed the other side and one on top One of the feeds comes from a diverter valve for either hot water, heating or both In the attic, there's a single tank Is anyone able to say from that if...
  8. Jamie_

    No inhibitor, Primatic Cylinder, new radiators

    Hi All, So I found out the central heating system in my house has a Primatic cylinder so I can’t add inhibitor due to the risk of the water and hot water mixing. I am just fitting some TRV’s and wanted to replace 3 old rads with some new ones whilst the system is drained down. Eventually a...
  9. S

    Fortic Primatic replacement.

    Can't find some threads on here I saw a while ago so I'll start a new one. Customer had a Primatic combination cylinder (I thought they were only done as regular cylinders) and he wanted a direct replacement. There was some confusion as to whether it can be done or not. You can't get...
  10. L

    How to tell if I have a primatic cylinder

    Hi all, Our house was built in the early 70's and we have a Ideal Mexico 2 boiler. I can't see any 3 way valve on the system and I was wondering how I can tell if the cylinder has a coil in it? The reason this has come about is because I tried to drain the CH heating system previously ...
  11. Inverness

    Primatic cylinders

    Can someone explain to me how a primatic cylinder works?
  12. J

    primatic expansion

    If one was to add some radiators to a primatic system so that the air bubble was too small to accomadate expansion, is there any way to take up that expansion and retain a primatic system? would an open vent work? Asking purely out of curiosity as i bought that RD Treolar book someone on here...
  13. J

    primatic problems..

    done a job today changing a rad on a primatic system, wouldn't have taken it if i'd noticed before pricing it! so drained down (after 1.5 hours!) changed rads and filled back up slooowly. The pump is a high point (no vents) in the airing cup wedged between the cylinder and wall making it...
  14. D

    Primatic Radiator change

    Hello All I'm a competent DIYer, fitted bathroom/kitchen but never really dealt with the central heating system. I want to replace a old single cast iron radiator for a new double convector radiator to increase the warmth in the room. So i started to do a little research on my setup. I have...
  15. M

    back boiler to combi job

    Started a job today in a flat, had an old back boiler with gas fire and indirect hot water cylinder, y plan syetm with motorised valve pump etc usual but also air separator with hot draw off and ch flow into it. I have stripped out all the old back boiler and cylinder and capped gas and...
  16. J

    primatic system disconnecting/isolating

    Hi, i have a primatic cylinder system which i will be replacing soon, in the mean time is it possible to disconnect the f & r from/to the boiler and leave the cold water supply to the cylinder from the header so it can be used to supply DHW only by using the electrical immersion? This will be a...
  17. R

    Primatic Cylinder - no hot water

    My father has an oil fired AGA cooker that heats his hot water, there is no central heating in his house. It connects to a primatic hot water cylinder fed from a single header tank. The cylinder has a cold feed from the header tank, a feed to 3 hot taps from the top of the tank and a feed in...
  18. K

    Primatic question

    Hi. I think the answer should be straightforward but can't find it on here by searching, so here goes. I have a Primatic system, which works as it should. I changed and moved radiators on the system 15 yrs ago with no problems, and now I want to make some more changes. Being a competent DIY'er...
  19. Reg Man

    Single feed primatic cylinders

    My 19 year old son, who is NVQ level 2 plumbing with 3 years experience, called me tonight. Had a customers heating system not working, could not work out why there was no F & E cistern. Asked if it was a sealed heating system, he said "no". I said "oh it's probably a Primatic". he said "a...
  20. A

    leaky primatic cylinder

    i have leaking primatic cylinder which is leaking on the return heating tapping on the cylinder,whats the best way to repair the leak,any comments would be welcome,ajoint
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