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A city is a large human settlement. It can be defined as a permanent and densely settled place with administratively defined boundaries whose members work primarily on non-agricultural tasks. Cities generally have extensive systems for housing, transportation, sanitation, utilities, land use, production of goods, and communication. Their density facilitates interaction between people, government organisations and businesses, sometimes benefiting different parties in the process, such as improving efficiency of goods and service distribution.
Historically, city-dwellers have been a small proportion of humanity overall, but following two centuries of unprecedented and rapid urbanization, more than half of the world population now lives in cities, which has had profound consequences for global sustainability. Present-day cities usually form the core of larger metropolitan areas and urban areas—creating numerous commuters traveling towards city centres for employment, entertainment, and education. However, in a world of intensifying globalisation, all cities are to varying degrees also connected globally beyond these regions. This increased influence means that cities also have significant influences on global issues, such as sustainable development, global warming and global health. Because of these major influences on global issues, the international community has prioritized investment in sustainable cities through Sustainable Development Goal 11. Due to the efficiency of transportation and the smaller land consumption, dense cities hold the potential to have a smaller ecological footprint per inhabitant than more sparsely populated areas. Therefore, compact cities are often referred to as a crucial element of fighting climate change. However, this concentration can also have significant negative consequences, such as forming urban heat islands, concentrating pollution, and stressing water supplies and other resources.
Other important traits of cities besides population include the capital status and relative continued occupation of the city. For example, country capitals such as Beijing, London, Mexico City, Moscow, Nairobi, New Delhi, Paris, Rome, Athens, Seoul, Singapore, Tokyo, and Washington, D.C. reflect the identity and apex of their respective nations. Some historic capitals, such as Kyoto, maintain their reflection of cultural identity even without modern capital status. Religious holy sites offer another example of capital status within a religion, Jerusalem, Mecca, Varanasi, Ayodhya, Haridwar and Prayagraj each hold significance. The cities of Jericho, Faiyum, Damascus, Athens, Aleppo and Argos are among those laying claim to the longest continual inhabitation.

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  1. D

    I passed my city and guilds level 3 gas course and need to complete a portfolio to work with my local council is there anyone that can help me?

    I passed my city and guilds level 3 gas course and need to complete a portfolio. I have a job waiting for me with my local council, but need to complete this in order to work for them. It has been soooo stressful I've been let down so many times and keep having to tell my job that I have been...
  2. H

    Vacancies within our Plumbing Team at City College Norwich

    Vacancies within our Plumbing Team at City College Norwich Full time, £23.789 - £34,606 per annum dependant on appointment An exciting opportunity has arisen to join the City College Norwich Apprenticeships Team. Due to rising Industry demand we currently have vacancies for full time posts...
  3. D

    Plumbing books nvq or city and guilds

    hi i am looking to buy some plumbing books and was womdering what books would be best for a new person starting plumbing city and guilds book or nvq level two book
  4. U

    City Plumbing Supplies-Who can use them?

    Hi all, I was just wondering if City Plumbing Supplies are open to the public or trade only? I was able to create an account and they are sending me a trade card but i'm not a business. Is there retail and trade prices and how do you prove you can use the trade prices? Thanks
  5. T

    Access training centre Welwyn garden city review

    Hi all I am about to sign up for a plumbing course City & Guilds 6035 level 2 at Access training academy in Welwyn Garden City. The course is part time weekend 15 weeks and costs 3000 £. Haa anyone done this plumbing coursw at Welwyn garden? Any rewies will be appreciate Thank you
  6. H

    City and guilds level 3

    Is city and guilds level 3 diploma worth it?
  7. N

    £44.00 for a single replacement City & Guilds certificate!

    So they were thrown out by mistake many years ago, when awarded back in the day they came rolled up in a cardboard tube (similar to an empty kitchen roll tube) which my ex wife claimed she thought was rubbish in my Man cave that she should have not trespassed into anyway. Never really needed...
  8. S

    City and guilds 6035

    Hi all, I am considering on enrolling on a level 2 & 3 City and Guilds 6035 in plumbing. Just a general question really, is this course a worthwhile course, and recognised as a legitimate qualification within the industry? Any advice or assistance would be greatly appreciated. Cheers. Sean.
  9. A

    HELP & ADVISE city and guilds level 2

    I have read some posts regarding C&G level 2 - What I like to ask is has anyone with this qualification gone any further and got employed? I have C&G level 2 and would like someone to reply and let me know exactly what they did and how they obtained an NVQ (which ever level) in order to have an...
  10. M

    City & Guilds 6035- Does this qualification expire?

    I recently visited my old college to find out how I would go about obtaining my NVQ in plumbing and was told that my City and Guilds 6035 qualification expires over time and I wondered if anyone knows how long these qualifications are valid. Thanks Darren
  11. S

    City and guilds level 2. Help! Looks overwhelming!

    Hi guys ice just signed up to the home study version of level 2 plumbing quali. Has anyone on here studied like this? Anyone gone through the course and made it out the other side?! i receieved my book and study pack yesterday and to say the whole lot looks daunting is an understatement...
  12. R

    City & Guilds Level 3 Plumbing & Heating Course Electrical Module

    I am 6 months off completing my City & Guilds Level 3 course but there is an electrical module in it. Nobody seems to know what this allows us to do Eg wire a shower - Install a fuse spur As is there any electrical bodys who recognise this?
  13. R

    City and guilds nvq level3 electrical module

    I am currently doing my nvq level 3 and there is a bit of a query on the electrical module and what this qualify s you to do, does anyone know if there's an electrical body that recognises this module as a qualification to enable us plumbers to shower installs and minor works?
  14. bright spark

    Don't know if the police would do this in a city near you?

    Type 'put em under pressure in Limerick' into google and watch d video. watch a Garda car blast out on the loud speaker an irish football song from Italia 90 in the city centre at 3am after republic of Ireland bet Germany. everyone on the street goes mental. Apologies for not being able to put...
  15. Dan

    City Electrical Factors sponsor ElectriciansForums.co.uk

    City Electrical Factors sponsor ElectriciansForums.co.uk! | Electricians Forums A biggy I've been working on for a bit.
  16. R

    Rliable adult person, looking for professional plumber, City and Guilds lev.2studies

    Hi, my name is Remik, I would ask for any help in my research, becouse I'm looking for professional and trustworthy plumber or company in East Sussex who I could work for. I'd be happy to work full time or just few hours per week for start. I'm currently doing Level 2 Diploma in...
  17. G

    Nearly completed year 1 of city & guilds level 2

    Hi everyone I'm currently studying for my level 2 city & guilds (6035) part time along side my full time job in retail. However, I'm getting made redundant in a few weeks so looking to find employment in the industry to work alongside gaining my qualifications. Does anyone know of any...
  18. M

    Questions about City & Guilds Certificate 6035

    On the JIB website it says "The City & Guilds 6035 Certificate is not accepted as it does not constitute the full qualification." So my question is, what would I need to do to get the Blue NVQ Level 2 CSCS Card? I'm curious what more needs to be done on top of the 6035 Diploma in order to be...
  19. G

    City and guilds level 2 adult learner in York

    Hi my name is Tom and I'm currently taking the level 2 City and Guilds course at my local college, I am working full time alongside the course and I'm really enjoying it. I'm hoping that a plumber from York will read this and give me a shot to take me on for my second year and to ultimately...
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